There is much history surrounding this, but on this date in 1913, the Indian Head or Buffalo Nickel was officially released into circulation. It was originally worth five cents, and the depiction on the coin is believed to be a composite of three Native Americans, two of whom modeled for the creator of this coin, James Earl Fraser. In total, about 1.2 billion coins were made between 1913 and 1938.
For more info:
http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/nickel/?action=fraser
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_nickel
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_nickel
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